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Language Translated Unfinished Unfinished words Unfinished characters Untranslated Checks Suggestions Comments
English 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
French 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Portuguese (Brazil) 0% 601 35,280 253,886 601 0 0 0
Spanish 0% 601 35,280 253,886 601 0 0 0
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Overview

Project website notrace.how
Instructions for translators

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Project maintainers User avatar ntp
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  • Translations can be made directly.
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  • Only chosen users can contribute.
  • The translation uses monolingual files.
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File mask threats/*.json
Monolingual base language file threats/en.json
3 days ago

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 2,404 141,120 1,015,544
Source 601 35,280 253,886
Translated 50% 1,202 50% 70,560 50% 507,772
Needs editing 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Read-only 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Failing checks 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 50% 1,202 50% 70,560 50% 507,772
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Activity in last 12 months

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Quick numbers

141 k
Hosted words
2,404
Hosted strings
50%
Translated
1
Contributors
and previous 30 days

Trends of last 30 days

+7%
Hosted words
+100%
+2%
Hosted strings
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Translated
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Contributors
+100%
User avatar None

Resource updated
The “threats/en.json” file was changed. 3 days ago
User avatar None

String updated in the repository
An adversary can identify the characteristics of a writing sample to identify its author. To mitigate this, if you are writing an incriminating text and you want to conceal your handwriting:

- If you don't need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can take as many of the following measures as possible:
- Hold the writing instrument in an unusual way. For example, if you normally hold a pen in your right hand, hold it in your left hand instead.
- Use a writing style that produces generic rather than unique characters. For example, use uppercase block letters rather than cursive.
- Pause for a few seconds between each character to avoid unconsciously falling back into your writing habits.
- Keep the text as short as possible.
- If you need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can use a handwriting that looks natural but does not feature the characteristics of your normal handwriting. This is difficult and may take years of practice.
 
3 days ago
User avatar None

String updated in the repository
[!two-robbery-notes.jpg|right|small-web-default-pdf|centerCaption!]
Two robbery notes[^Some bank robberies are carried out by discreetly handing the teller a written note demanding money in order to draw as little attention as possible.] showing similarities in the formation of the number "0".

Handwriting analysis (also known as *handwriting recognition*) is the analysis of handwriting samples, typically for the purpose of matching one sample to another.

# Factors of handwriting

When you write, you naturally adopt a relatively unique handwriting that depends on several factors, including:

- How you learned to write: how you learned to form letters and move the writing instrument.
- Your writing habits: how you personally form letters and move the writing instrument, which can be more or less similar to how you learned.
- Your writing level: whether you are learning to write or are an experienced writer.
- The writing instrument: pen, pencil, brush, spray paint can, etc.
- Where you hold the writing instrument: in your right hand, left hand, foot, mouth, prosthesis, etc.
- How you hold the writing instrument: for example, on which of your fingers does a pen rest when you write.
- The writing surface: paper, fabric, concrete, etc.
- Your posture while writing: sitting, standing, etc.
- The writing environment: for example, if you are writing with gloves on or in a moving vehicle.
- Your physical and mental state while writing: fatigue, stress, altered state due to alcohol, drugs or medication, etc.

# Analysis

An adversary can analyze a writing sample to identify its characteristics, including:

- The layout of the text: margins, space between lines, and parallelism of lines. In the case of envelopes: the style, size, and position of the address on the envelope.
- The writing style: for example cursive or block letters.
- The space between characters and between words.
- Connections or separations between characters.
- The design and construction of characters: the shape of characters, whether a character is represented with one or more shapes throughout the sample, the order in which a shape is traced, whether and how a shape is affected by the particular shapes that precede and follow it, and the size of shapes.
- The strokes traced when the writing instrument reaches and leaves the writing surface, including their length, direction, path, and abruptness.
- The pressure exerted by the writing instrument on the writing surface.
- The position of the writing instrument relative to the writing surface.

In some languages that are written horizontally, such as English, an adversary can also identify the following characteristics:

- Whether the baseline[^The baseline is the horizontal line upon which the characters "sit". For example, the "loop" of a lowercase "p" sits on the baseline, while its "tail" extends below the baseline.] is straight or varies throughout the sample.
- The writing slant: the predominant inclination of characters relative to the baseline.

An adversary can compare the characteristics of a writing sample to the characteristics of another to determine whether or not the samples were written by the same person, and the confidence in that determination. This comparison can be done by humans or by specialized software.

# Handwriting databases

In some countries, the State has databases of handwriting samples that allow comparing a sample to all samples in the database. For example, in the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) maintains the Bank Robbery Note File (BRNF), which contains samples of handwritten notes used in bank robberies.

# See also

See also [Huber and Headrick's Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals](sa://#huber-and-headrick-s-handwriting-identification-facts-and-fundamentals) for a comprehensive overview of handwriting analysis.
 
3 days ago
User avatar None

String added in the repository
Updated technique [Forensics: Handwriting analysis](tl://techniques/forensics/handwriting-analysis.html) with more details.
 
3 days ago
User avatar None

Resource updated
The “threats/fr.json” file was changed. 3 days ago
User avatar None

String updated in the repository
An adversary can identify the characteristics of a writing sample to identify its author. To mitigate this, if you are writing an incriminating text and you want to conceal your handwriting:

- If you don't need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can take as many of the following measures as possible:
- Hold the writing instrument in an unusual way. For example, if you normally hold a pen in your right hand, hold it in your left hand instead.
- Use a writing style that produces generic rather than unique characters. For example, use uppercase block letters rather than cursive.
- Pause for a few seconds between each character to avoid unconsciously falling back into your writing habits.
- Keep the text as short as possible.
- If you need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can use a handwriting that looks natural but does not feature the characteristics of your normal handwriting. This is difficult and may take years of practice.
Tu peux Un adversaire peut identifier les caractéristiques d'un échantillon d'écriture spour ides appareils numériques plutôt qu'à la main pour dissimuler ton écriture. En faisant un graffiti, tu peux untifier son auteur·e. Pour contrer ça, si tu écris un texte incriminant et que tu veux masquer ton écriture :

- Si tu n'as pas besoin de cacher que tu masques ton écriture, tu peux prendre autant que possible des mesures suivantes :
- Tiens l'instrument d'écriture d'une manière inhabituelle. Par exemple, si tu tiens habituellement un stylo dans ta main droite, tiens-le plutôt dans ta main gauche.
- Utiliser uniquement des lettres majuscules et faire des lettres les plus génériques possibles style d'écriture qui produit des caractères génériques plutôt qu'uniques. Par exemple, utilise une écriture scripte majuscule plutôt qu'une écriture cursive.
- Attend quelques secondes entre chaque caractère pour éviter de retomber inconsciemment dans tes habitudes d'écriture.
- Écris un texte le plus court possible.
- Si tu as besoin de cacher que tu masques ton écriture, tu peux utiliser une écriture qui a l'air naturelle mais n'a pas les caractéristiques de ton écriture normale. C'est difficile et peut demander des années d'entraînement.
3 days ago
User avatar None

String updated in the repository
[!two-robbery-notes.jpg|right|small-web-default-pdf|centerCaption!]
Two robbery notes[^Some bank robberies are carried out by discreetly handing the teller a written note demanding money in order to draw as little attention as possible.] showing similarities in the formation of the number "0".

Handwriting analysis (also known as *handwriting recognition*) is the analysis of handwriting samples, typically for the purpose of matching one sample to another.

# Factors of handwriting

When you write, you naturally adopt a relatively unique handwriting that depends on several factors, including:

- How you learned to write: how you learned to form letters and move the writing instrument.
- Your writing habits: how you personally form letters and move the writing instrument, which can be more or less similar to how you learned.
- Your writing level: whether you are learning to write or are an experienced writer.
- The writing instrument: pen, pencil, brush, spray paint can, etc.
- Where you hold the writing instrument: in your right hand, left hand, foot, mouth, prosthesis, etc.
- How you hold the writing instrument: for example, on which of your fingers does a pen rest when you write.
- The writing surface: paper, fabric, concrete, etc.
- Your posture while writing: sitting, standing, etc.
- The writing environment: for example, if you are writing with gloves on or in a moving vehicle.
- Your physical and mental state while writing: fatigue, stress, altered state due to alcohol, drugs or medication, etc.

# Analysis

An adversary can analyze a writing sample to identify its characteristics, including:

- The layout of the text: margins, space between lines, and parallelism of lines. In the case of envelopes: the style, size, and position of the address on the envelope.
- The writing style: for example cursive or block letters.
- The space between characters and between words.
- Connections or separations between characters.
- The design and construction of characters: the shape of characters, whether a character is represented with one or more shapes throughout the sample, the order in which a shape is traced, whether and how a shape is affected by the particular shapes that precede and follow it, and the size of shapes.
- The strokes traced when the writing instrument reaches and leaves the writing surface, including their length, direction, path, and abruptness.
- The pressure exerted by the writing instrument on the writing surface.
- The position of the writing instrument relative to the writing surface.

In some languages that are written horizontally, such as English, an adversary can also identify the following characteristics:

- Whether the baseline[^The baseline is the horizontal line upon which the characters "sit". For example, the "loop" of a lowercase "p" sits on the baseline, while its "tail" extends below the baseline.] is straight or varies throughout the sample.
- The writing slant: the predominant inclination of characters relative to the baseline.

An adversary can compare the characteristics of a writing sample to the characteristics of another to determine whether or not the samples were written by the same person, and the confidence in that determination. This comparison can be done by humans or by specialized software.

# Handwriting databases

In some countries, the State has databases of handwriting samples that allow comparing a sample to all samples in the database. For example, in the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) maintains the Bank Robbery Note File (BRNF), which contains samples of handwritten notes used in bank robberies.

# See also

See also [Huber and Headrick's Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals](sa://#huber-and-headrick-s-handwriting-identification-facts-and-fundamentals) for a comprehensive overview of handwriting analysis.
L'analyse de l'écriture est l'analyse d'échantillons écrits, typiquement dans le but d'associer un échantillon à un autre.

L'analyse de l[!two-robbery-notes.jpg|right|small-web-default-pdf|centerCaption!]
Deux notes utilisées lors de braquages[^Certains braquages de banques sont effectués en passant discrètement une note écrite au guichet afin d'attirer aussi peu l'attention que possible.] montrant des similarités dans la formation du nombre "0".

L'analyse de l'écriture (aussi connue sous le nom de *reconnaissance de l'écriture*) est l'analyse d'échantillons écrits, typiquement dans le but d'associer un échantillon à un autre.

# Facteurs de l'écriture

Quand tu écris, tu adoptes naturellement une écriture relativement unique qui dépend de plusieurs facteurs, dont :

- Comment tu as appris à écrire : comment tu as appris à former les lettres et à déplacer l'instrument d'écriture.
- Tes habitudes d'écriture : ta façon personnelle de former les lettres et de déplacer l'instrument d'écriture, qui peut être plus ou moins proche de comment tu as appris.
- Ton niveau d'écriture : est basée sur une compréhension des caractéristiques uniques de l'écriture de caractères et sur les processus physiologiques derrière l'écriture—les manières dont les facultés motrices d'une personne peuvent affecter son -ce que tu apprends à écrire ou est-ce que tu es expérimenté·e.
- Ton instrument d'écriture : stylo, crayon, pinceau, bombe de peinture, etc.
- Où est-ce que tu tiens l'instrument d'écriture : dans ta main droite, ta main gauche, un pied, ta bouche, une prothèse, etc.
- Comment est-ce que tu tiens l'instrument d'écriture : par exemple, sur quels doigts repose un stylo quand tu écris.
- La surface d'écriture : papier, tissu, béton, etc.
- Ta posture quand tu écris : assis·e, debout, etc.
- Ton environnement d'écriture : par exemple, si tu écris avec des gants ou dans un véhicule en mouvement.
- Ton état physique et mental quand tu écris : fatigue, stress, état altéré par l'alcool, des drogues ou des médicaments, etc.

# Analyse

Un adversaire peut analyser un échantillon écrit pour identifier ses caractéristiques, dont :

- La mise en page du texte : marges, espace entre les lignes, et parallélisme des lignes. Dans le cas des enveloppes : le style, la taille, et la position de l'adresse sur l'enveloppe.
- Le style d'écriture : par exemple écriture cursive ou scripte.
- L'espace entre les caractères et entre les mots.
- Les liens ou séparations entre les caractères.
- Le design et la construction des caractères : la forme des caractères, est-ce qu'un caractère est représenté par une ou plusieurs formes à travers l'échentillon, l'ordre dans lequel une forme est tracée, est-ce que et comment une forme est affectée par les formes particulières qui la précèdent et la suivent, et la taille des formes.
- Les traits tracés lorsque l'instrument d'écriture atteint et quitte la surface d'écriture, y compris leur taille, direction, chemin, et soudaineté.
- La pression exercée par l'instrument d'écriture sur la surface d'écriture.
- La position de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport à la surface d'écriture.

Dans certaines langues écrites horizontalement, comme le français, un adversaire peut aussi identifier les caractéristiques suivantes :

- Est-ce que la ligne de base[^La ligne de base est la ligne horizontale sur laquelle les caractères reposent. Par exemple, la "boucle" d'un "p" minuscule repose sur la ligne de base, tandis que sa "queue" s'étend sous la ligne de base.] est droite ou varie à travers l'échantillon.
- L'inclinaison de l'écriture : l'inclinaison prédominante des caractères par rapport à la ligne de base.

Un adversaire peut comparer les caractéristiques d'un échantillon d'écriture aux caractéristiques d'un autre pour déterminer si les échantillons ont été écrits ou non par la même personne, et la confiance dans cette détermination. Cette comparaison peut être faite par des humains ou par des logiciels spécialisés.

# Bases de données d'échantillons

Dans certains pays, l'État a des bases de données d'échantillons d'écriture qui permettent de comparer un échantillon à tous les échantillons de la base de données. Par exemple, aux États-Unis, le Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) gère le Bank Robbery Note File (BRNF, *Fichier des notes de braquages*), qui contient des échantillons d'écriture utilisés lors de braquages de banque.

# Voir aussi

Voir aussi [Huber and Headrick's Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals](sa://#huber-and-headrick-s-handwriting-identification-facts-and-fundamentals) (*L'identification de l'écriture par Huber et Headrick : faits et fondamentaux*) pour une vue d'ensemble complète de l'analyse d'écriture.
3 days ago
User avatar None

String added in the repository
Updated technique [Forensics: Handwriting analysis](tl://techniques/forensics/handwriting-analysis.html) with more details.
Mise à jour de la technique [Science forensique: Analyse de l'écriture](tl://techniques/forensics/handwriting-analysis.html) avec plus de détails.
3 days ago
User avatar None

Resource updated
The “threats/en.json” file was changed. 3 days ago
User avatar None

String updated in the repository
An adversary can identify the characteristics of a writing sample to identify its author. To mitigate this, if you are writing an incriminating text and you want to conceal your handwriting:

- If you don't need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can take as many of the following measures as possible:
- Hold the writing instrument in an unusual way. For example, if you normally hold a pen in your right hand, hold it in your left hand instead.
- Use a writing style that produces generic rather than unique characters. For example, use uppercase block letters rather than cursive.
- Pause for a few seconds between each character to avoid unconsciously falling back into your writing habits.
- Keep the text as short as possible.
- If you need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can use a handwriting that looks natural but does not feature the characteristics of your normal handwriting. This is difficult and may take years of practice.
 
3 days ago
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