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Project website notrace.how
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Project maintainers User avatar ntp
Language Portuguese (Brazil)
Language code pt_BR
Text direction Left to right
Number of speakers 200,247,320
2 days ago

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Total 1,493 51,084 353,121
Translated 15% 225 2% 1,262 2% 8,297
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Failing checks 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
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Untranslated strings 71% 1,070 84% 43,020 85% 301,134
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Resource updated
The “threats/en.json” file was changed. 2 days ago
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String updated in the repository
An adversary can identify the characteristics of a writing sample to identify its author. To mitigate this, if you are writing an incriminating text and you want to conceal your handwriting:

- If you don't need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can take as many of the following measures as possible:
- Hold the writing instrument in an unusual way. For example, if you normally hold a pen in your right hand, hold it in your left hand instead.
- Use a writing style that produces generic rather than unique characters. For example, use uppercase block letters rather than cursive.
- Pause for a few seconds between each character to avoid unconsciously falling back into your writing habits.
- Keep the text as short as possible.
- If you need to hide that you are concealing your handwriting, you can use a handwriting that looks natural but does not feature the characteristics of your normal handwriting. This is difficult and may take years of practice.
 
2 days ago
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String updated in the repository
[!two-robbery-notes.jpg|right|small-web-default-pdf|centerCaption!]
Two robbery notes[^Some bank robberies are carried out by discreetly handing the teller a written note demanding money in order to draw as little attention as possible.] showing similarities in the formation of the number "0".

Handwriting analysis (also known as *handwriting recognition*) is the analysis of handwriting samples, typically for the purpose of matching one sample to another.

# Factors of handwriting

When you write, you naturally adopt a relatively unique handwriting that depends on several factors, including:

- How you learned to write: how you learned to form letters and move the writing instrument.
- Your writing habits: how you personally form letters and move the writing instrument, which can be more or less similar to how you learned.
- Your writing level: whether you are learning to write or are an experienced writer.
- The writing instrument: pen, pencil, brush, spray paint can, etc.
- Where you hold the writing instrument: in your right hand, left hand, foot, mouth, prosthesis, etc.
- How you hold the writing instrument: for example, on which of your fingers does a pen rest when you write.
- The writing surface: paper, fabric, concrete, etc.
- Your posture while writing: sitting, standing, etc.
- The writing environment: for example, if you are writing with gloves on or in a moving vehicle.
- Your physical and mental state while writing: fatigue, stress, altered state due to alcohol, drugs or medication, etc.

# Analysis

An adversary can analyze a writing sample to identify its characteristics, including:

- The layout of the text: margins, space between lines, and parallelism of lines. In the case of envelopes: the style, size, and position of the address on the envelope.
- The writing style: for example cursive or block letters.
- The space between characters and between words.
- Connections or separations between characters.
- The design and construction of characters: the shape of characters, whether a character is represented with one or more shapes throughout the sample, the order in which a shape is traced, whether and how a shape is affected by the particular shapes that precede and follow it, and the size of shapes.
- The strokes traced when the writing instrument reaches and leaves the writing surface, including their length, direction, path, and abruptness.
- The pressure exerted by the writing instrument on the writing surface.
- The position of the writing instrument relative to the writing surface.

In some languages that are written horizontally, such as English, an adversary can also identify the following characteristics:

- Whether the baseline[^The baseline is the horizontal line upon which the characters "sit". For example, the "loop" of a lowercase "p" sits on the baseline, while its "tail" extends below the baseline.] is straight or varies throughout the sample.
- The writing slant: the predominant inclination of characters relative to the baseline.

An adversary can compare the characteristics of a writing sample to the characteristics of another to determine whether or not the samples were written by the same person, and the confidence in that determination. This comparison can be done by humans or by specialized software.

# Handwriting databases

In some countries, the State has databases of handwriting samples that allow comparing a sample to all samples in the database. For example, in the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) maintains the Bank Robbery Note File (BRNF), which contains samples of handwritten notes used in bank robberies.

# See also

See also [Huber and Headrick's Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals](sa://#huber-and-headrick-s-handwriting-identification-facts-and-fundamentals) for a comprehensive overview of handwriting analysis.
 
2 days ago
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String added in the repository
Updated technique [Forensics: Handwriting analysis](tl://techniques/forensics/handwriting-analysis.html) with more details.
 
2 days ago
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Resource updated
The “threats/en.json” file was changed. 6 days ago
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String updated in the repository
Ruslan Siddiqi was tortured for several days after his arrest.[^https://anarchistnews.org/content/you-could-call-me-partisan-ruslan-siddiqi-recounts-his-anti-war-actions]

[?The torture included|beatings and electric shocks.?]
 
6 days ago
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There is a lot of information in the Threat Library. It can be overwhelming. How can you use the Threat Library in your life, in a particular project, or when carrying out actions? This tutorial is designed to help you navigate the Threat Library using *attack trees*.[^For another approach to threat modeling that can also serve as a tutorial to the Threat Library, see [Threat Modeling Fundamentals](res://#threat-modeling).]
There is a lot of information in the Threat Library. It can be overwhelming. How can you use the Threat Library in your life, in a particular project, or when carrying out actions? This tutorial is designed to help you navigate the Threat Library using *attack trees*.[^For another approach to threat modeling that can also serve as a tutorial to the Threat Library, see [Threat Modeling Fundamentals](res://#threat-modeling).].
11 days ago
User avatar ntp

Translation changed
1: antenna; 2: connected microphone; 3: power supply positive and negative connections; 4: strong magnets to attach the device to the car; 5: transmitter with SIM card and GPS.
1: antena; 2: microfone conectado; 3: conexões positiva e negativa da corrente elétrica; 4: imãs fortes para grudar o dispositivo ao carro; 5: transmissor com cartão SIM e GPS.
11 days ago
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